Purpose of the Qatar 2022 Campaign

The campaign for the 2022 world cup bid by Qatar was a substantial step in the football field. World cup events have not been a Middle East affair and the Qatar 2022 campaign aimed at ending this culture. In the past times, the western countries have always shown interest in hosting football world cups leaving out most of the regions in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Purpose of the Qatar 2022 Campaign specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The western countries had the financial capability to host the event, and this was not easy for other regions to attain. In addition, the other regions or nations could not guarantee security for the event especially for the Arab countries. For this reason, Qatar forwarded its bid for the task followed by a crucial campaign that saw them get the opportunity to be world cup hosts. The campaign focused on showing the ability of Arab countries to host the event that has always been for the western countries. The campaign was under the leadership of a committee headed by the son of the current Emir of Qatar- Mohammed bin Hamad. Launch of the Campaign and Participants The committee launched the campaign in November 2009 that was to take place across the country. The campaign was to last till December 2010 when the appointment for the 2022 world cup host was to be announced. The campaign was to take place through different mediums, which included billboards, television adverts, and even radio. The advertisements were to be through out the country together with other Arab countries. Advertising in other Arab countries would help Qatar gain support from the nations. The objective of the world cup bid was to show the capability of Arab countries to host the football event that will reduce the gap between the two regions-Western and Arab. The main content on the advertisements of Qatar 2022 campaign bid was to show the countries resources and materia ls that would enable the country to host the event. Showing the country’s football stadiums and other infrastructure will convince the voters of the country’s capacity. Other advertisements had the Arab people expressing their joy and optimism of their region hosting the event. This would also be a plus in Qatar getting the vote for 2022 world cup hosts. Final Bid Ceremony Her Highness the Emir Sheikh Hamad bin khalifa Al-Thani was in attendance, in the final bid ceremony that would see Qatar manage to be the 2022 world cup hosts. Besides attending the final ceremony, Her Highness Sheikha Mozah took part in the presentation by addressing the members of the FIFA Executive Committee.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In her speech, HH Sheikha explored the subject of the Middle East hosting the world cup tournament emphasizing that it was the appropriate momen t for the move. Hosting the world cup event in Middle East would change the image of the region such as addressing humanitarian aspects. Other people in attendance in the final bid ceremony included the Qatar 2022 Bid Committee chair and CEO HE Sheikh Mohammed and Hassan Abduallah respectively. Renowned coach Milutinovic Bora addressed the people present together with an Iraqi student Mohammed Nofal. In his speech, the student expressed his optimism on the positive impacts of football sport in the Middle East region. The Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister Sheikh attended in the final bid ceremony. The ceremony was held at Zurich Exhibition Centre with almost seventy television stations airing the proceedings. The news, during the final bid ceremony, included the bidders’ final presentations to the announcements of the winners. The media also aired the post-announcement press conference that analyzed the outcomes. Bidders for the 2022 FIFA World cup included Australia, Ja pan, Korea Republic, the USA, and Qatar. The ceremony ended with FIFA boss Sepp Blatter announcing Qatar as the winners for the 2022 world cup bid. Traditional Rhetorical Criticism Perspective The above analysis in regards to Qatar’s 2022 world cup bid is intriguing as it enables people to understand the impact of several matters. The campaign for the 2022 bid was a massive one with several stakeholders and countries taking part to ensure that Qatar clinched the position. The major factors behind the success of the bid included an intensive campaign and several speeches by renowned people in the Middle East region. The interesting part of this analysis is the process by which Qatar managed to emerge successful in their 2022 bid for the tournament. The bidding process included other powerful western countries, but, through the intensive campaigns and support from other Middle East countries, the nation won the bid. The best explanation for the above analysis is traditional rhe torical criticism perspective.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Purpose of the Qatar 2022 Campaign specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rhetorical perspective comprises of ethos, pathos and logos. Having identified that one of the success factors for the bid win is the speeches by several influential people in the Middle East. In turn, it is indispensable to understand that these people used the three pillars that are essential in public speaking. Ethos, pathos, and logos form the basis of every eloquent speaker (Human Rights Watch, 2012). Ethos focuses on the credibility or personality of the speaker while logos refers to the logical argument presented by the speaker. On the other hand, pathos is the emotional connection the speaker has with the audience. Put together the three pillars form persuasive appeals, which a speaker requires while making their speeches and presentations (Thyssen, 2011). Before a s peaker can influence an audience in to accepting any information presented by the speaker, it is essential that he or she proves to be acceptable. On this note, Qatar 2022 bid committee chose the most credible in the region to present their ideas on the bid. Having credible people in the region supporting the Qatar 2022 bid was a plus to the whole event. For instance, Her Highness Mozah Sheikha presented a speech that moved the audience. Sheikha is a smart woman with a congenial personality and she expressed this in her speech at the bid presentation. Sheikha’s credibility was through her vast knowledge of the World Cup games that she applied in the speech to convince the FIFA committee to choose the Middle East nation as the host for the event. It is noteworthy as a speaker that the audience respects, believes, and acknowledges the information presented. The chairman of the 2022 Qatar bid campaign also presented a speech during the presentation ceremony. Sheikh Mohammed†™s speech was extremely vast as he tried to capture the interests of the entire Middle East region. Sheikh exhibited the ethos aspect by speaking about football passion amongst the Arab communities stating the significance of Qatar hosting the event. To support the Qatar choice as the host for the tournament, Sheikh cited once case where the country took less than twenty days to organize the junior World cup in 1995.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, pathos handles the aspects of credible arrangement by the speaker that appeals to the audience’s feelings. Emotional connection in communication comes about in various ways including telling of stories and presentation of facts about the subject. The speaker needs to make use of words that evoke feelings from the audience (Kuypers, 2009). Citing Her Highness Sheikha Mozah speech, she gave vast information on the previous world cups that the entire audience moved. Since this was a football bid ceremony, the speakers at the ceremony provided information regarding the sport that showed their interest in the sport. Sheikh Mohammed presented information about Qatar giving credible support to the bid. Past activities the country took in relation to the sport were convincing enough to show that Qatar had the capacity to host the tournament. Finally, a logos focuses on the speaker’s ability to present the audience with a logical argument concerning the subje ct. The message of the speaker should be rational basing on different notable facts, evidence and statistics. The speeches of the different speakers at the event had information on Qatar and the world cup event that was convincing enough. Among the stated facts about Qatar included stadiums and available accommodation for people attending the event (Drout, 2006). The CEO of the Qatar 2022 bid campaign Hassan Al-Thawadi presented this information supporting each statement with recent statistics and financial support. On security issues, the speakers promised the best possible security for everyone in the country before and after the event. Another notable disturbing issue is that of climate as they anticipated hot temperatures, which would be unfavorable for the event. The campaign team presented information on the crucial steps the country will take to ensure favorable weather and climate for everyone in the stadium. From the above analysis of the concepts of traditional perspective , it is almost certain that communication calls for the tree pillars to convince the audience. Employing the three concepts of logos, ethos, and pathos leads to effective communication, hence, yielding positive results. A speaker can back various facts using pictures and visual advertisements that can be instrumental in moving the audience. The use of different speakers will also make communication effective and relevant. The different speakers should present different, convincing information, and avoid repetition. Several insights develop from the concepts of traditional rhetorical perspective that connects with communication. For instance, the expansion of a speech is a result of the concepts of the perspective (Kuypers, 2009). References Drout, M. D. (2006). A way with words writing, rhetoric, and the art of persuasion. Prince Frederick, Md.: Recorded Books. Hesford, W. S., Brueggemann, B. J. (2007). Rhetorical visions: reading and writing in  a visual culture. Upper Saddle Ri ver, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Human Rights Watch. (2012). World Report 2012: Events of 2011. New York: Seven Stories Press. Kuypers, J. A. (2009). Rhetorical criticism: perspectives in action. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. Thyssen, O. (2011). Aesthetic communication. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. This research paper on Purpose of the Qatar 2022 Campaign was written and submitted by user Giovanni Dalton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Easy Guide to the 30-60-90 Triangle

The Easy Guide to the 30-60-90 Triangle SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Acute, obtuse, isosceles, equilateral†¦.When it comes to triangles, there are many different varieties, but only a choice few that are â€Å"special.† These special triangles have sides and angles which are consistent and predictable and can be used to shortcut your way through your geometry or trigonometry problems. And a 30-60-90 triangle- pronounced â€Å"thirty sixty ninety†- happens to be a very special type of triangle indeed. In this guide, we’ll walk you through what a 30-60-90 triangle is, why it works, and when (and how) to use your knowledge of it. So let’s get to it! What Is a 30-60-90 Triangle? A 30-60-90 triangle is a special right triangle (a right triangle being any triangle that contains a 90 degree angle) that always has degree angles of 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. Because it is a special triangle, it also has side length values which are always in a consistent relationship with one another. The basic 30-60-90 triangle ratiois: Side opposite the 30 ° angle: x Side opposite the 60 ° angle: x * √3 Side opposite the 90 ° angle: 2x For example, a 30-60-90 degree triangle could have side lengths of: 2, 2√3, 4 7, 7√3, 14 √3,3, 2√3 (Why is the longer leg 3?In this triangle, the shortest leg (x) is √3, so for the longerleg, x√3 = √3 *√3 = √9 = 3. And the hypotenuse is 2 times the shortestleg, or 2√3) And so on. The side opposite the 30 ° angle is always the smallest, because 30 degrees is the smallest angle. The side opposite the 60 ° angle will be the middle length, because 60 degrees is the mid-sized degree angle in this triangle. And, finally, the side opposite the 90 ° angle will always be the largest side (the hypotenuse) because 90 degrees is the largest angle. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Though it may look similar to other types of right triangles, the reason a 30-60-90 triangle is so special is that you only need three pieces of informationin order to find every othermeasurement. So long as you know the value oftwo angle measures and one side length (doesn’t matter which side), you know everything you need to know about your triangle. For example, we can use the30-60-90 triangle formula tofill in all the remaining information blanks of the triangles below. Example 1 We can see that this is a right triangle in which the hypotenuse is twice the length of one of the legs. This means this must be a 30-60-90 triangle and the smaller given sideis opposite the 30 °. The longer leg must, therefore, be opposite the 60 ° angle and measure 6 *√3, or 6√3. Example 2 We can see that this must be a 30-60-90 triangle because we can seethat this is a right triangle with one given measurement, 30 °. The unmarked angle must then be 60 °. Since 18 is the measure opposite the 60 ° angle, it must be equal to x√3. The shortest leg must then measure $18/√3$. (Note that the leg lengthwill actually be $18/{√3} *{√3}/{√3} = {18√3}/3 = 6√3$ because adenominator cannot contain a radical/square root). And the hypotenuse will be $2(18/√3)$ (Note that, again, you cannot have a radical in the denominator, so the final answer will really be 2 times the leg length of 6√3= 12√3). Example 3 Again, we are given two angle measurements (90 ° and 60 °), so the third measure will be 30 °. Because this is a 30-60-90 triangle and the hypotenuse is 30, the shortest leg will equal 15 and the longer leg will equal 15√3. No need to consult the magic eight ball- these rules always work. Why It Works: 30-60-90 Triangle Theorem Proof But why does this special triangle work the way it does? How do we know these rules are legit? Let’s walk through exactly how the 30-60-90 triangle theorem works and prove why these side lengths will always be consistent. First, let’s forget about right triangles for a second and look at an equilateral triangle. An equilateral triangle is a triangle that has all equal sides and all equal angles. Because a triangle’s interior angles always add up to 180 ° and $180/3 = 60$, an equilateral triangle will always have three 60 ° angles. Now let's drop down a height from the topmost angle to the base of the triangle. We've now created two right angles and two congruent (equal) triangles. How do we know they’re equal triangles? Because we dropped a height from an equilateral triangle, we’ve split the base exactly in half. The new triangles also share one side length (the height), and they each have the same hypotenuse length. Because they share three side lengths in common (SSS), this means the triangles are congruent. Note: not only are the two triangles congruent based on the principles of side-side-side lengths, or SSS, but also based on side-angle-side measures (SAS), angle-angle-side (AAS), and angle-side-angle (ASA). Basically? They're most definitely congruent. Now that we’ve proven the congruencies of the two new triangles, we can see that the top angles must each be equal to 30 degrees (because each triangle already has angles of 90 ° and 60 ° and must add up to 180 °). This means we have made two 30-60-90 triangles. And because we know that we cutthe base of the equilateral triangle in half, we can see that the side opposite the 30 ° angle (the shortest side) of each of our 30-60-90 triangles is exactly half the length of the hypotenuse. So let us call our original side length x and our bisected length $x/2$. Now all that leaves us to do is to find our mid-side length that the two triangles share. To do this, we can simply use the pythagorean theorem. $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ $(x/2)^2 + b^2 = x^2$ $b^2 = x^2 - ({x^2}/4)$ $b^2 = {4x^2}/4 - {x^2}/4$ $b^2 = {3x^2}/4$ $b = {√3x}/2$ So we're left with: $x/2, {x√3}/2, x$ Now let's multiply each measure by 2, just to make life easier and avoid all the fractions. That way, we're left with: x, x√3, 2x We can see, therefore, that a 30-60-90 triangle will always have consistent side lengths of x, x√3, and 2x (or $x/2$, ${√3x}/2$, and x). Luckily for us, we can prove 30-60-90 triangle rules true without all of...this. When to Use30-60-90 Triangle Rules Knowing the30-60-90 triangle rules will be able to save you time and energy on a multitude of different math problems, namely a wide variety of geometry and trigonometry problems. Geometry Proper understanding of the 30-60-90 triangles will allow you to solve geometry questions that would either be impossible to solve without knowing these ratio rules, or at the very least, would take considerable time and effort to solve the "long way." With thespecial triangle ratios, you can figure out missing triangle heights or leg lengths (without having to use the pythagorean theorem), find the area of a triangle by using missing height or base length information, and quickly calculate perimeters. Any time you need speed to answer a question, remembering shortcuts like your 30-60-90 rules will come in handy. Trigonometry Memorizing and understanding the 30-60-90 triangle ratio will also allow you to solve many trigonometry problems without either the need for a calculator or the needto approximate your answers in decimal form. A 30-60-90 triangle has fairly simple sines, cosines, and tangents for each angle (and these measurements will always be consistent). Sine of 30 ° will always be $1/2$. Cosine of 60 ° will always be $1/2$. Though the other sines, cosines, and tangents are fairly simple, these are the two that are the easiest to memorize and are likely to show up on tests. So knowing these rules will allowyou to find these trigonometry measurements as quickly as possible. Tips for Remembering the30-60-90 Rules You know these30-60-90 ratio rules are useful, but how do you keep the information in your head? Remembering the30-60-90 triangle rules is a matter of remembering the ratio of 1: √3: 2, and knowing that the shortest side length is always opposite the shortest angle (30 °) and the longest side length is always opposite the largest angle (90 °). Some people memorize the ratio by thinking,â€Å"x, 2x, x√3,† because the â€Å"1, 2, 3† succession is typically easy to remember. The one precaution to using this technique is to remember that the longest side is actually the 2x, not the x times √3. Another way to remember your ratios is to use a mnemonic wordplay on the 1: root 3: 2 ratio in their proper order. For example, â€Å"Jackie Mitchell struck out Lou Gehrig and ‘won Ruthy too,’†: one, root three, two. (And it's a true baseball history fact to boot!) Play around with your own mnemonic devices if these don’t appeal to you- sing the ratio to a song, find your own â€Å"one, root three, two† phrases, or come up with a ratio poem. You can even just remember that a 30-60-90 triangle is half an equilateral and figure out the measurements from there if you don't like memorizing them. However it makes sense to you to rememberthese 30-60-90 rules, keep those ratios your head for your future geometry and trigonometry questions. Memorization is your friend, however you can make it happen. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Example 30-60-90 Questions Now that we've looked at the hows and whys of 30-60-90 triangles, let's work throughsome practice problems. Geometry A construction worker leans a 40-foot ladder up against the side of a building at an angle of 30 degrees off the ground. The ground is level and the side of the building is perpendicular to the ground. How far up the building does the ladder reach, to the nearest foot? Without knowing our 30-60-90 special triangle rules, we would have to use trigonometry and a calculator to find the solution to this problem, since we only have one side measurement of a triangle. But because we know that this is a special triangle, we can find the answer in just seconds. If the building and the ground are perpendicular to one another, that must mean the building and the ground form a right (90 °) angle. It’s also a given that the ladder meets the ground at a 30 ° angle. We can therefore see that the remaining angle must be 60 °, which makes this a 30-60-90 triangle. Now we know that the hypotenuse (longest side) of this 30-60-90 is 40 feet, which means that the shortest side will be half that length. (Remember that the longest side is always twice- 2x- as long as the shortest side.) Because the shortest side is opposite the 30 ° angle, and that angle is the degree measure of the ladder from the ground, that means that the top of the ladder hits the building 20 feet off the ground. Our final answer is 20 feet. Trigonometry If, in a right triangle, sinÃŽËœ = $1/2$ and the shortest leg lengthis 8. What is the length of the missing side that is NOT the hypotenuse? Because you know your 30-60-90 rules, you can solve this problem without the need for either the pythagorean theorem or a calculator. We were told that this is a right triangle, and we know from our special right triangle rules that sine 30 ° = $1/2$. The missing angle must, therefore, be 60 degrees, which makes this a 30-60-90 triangle. And because this is a 30-60-90 triangle, and we were told that the shortest side is 8, the hypotenuse must be 16 and the missing side must be 8 * √3, or 8√3. Our final answer is 8√3. The Take-Aways Remembering the rules for 30-60-90 triangles will help you to shortcut your way through a variety of math problems. But do keep in mind that, while knowing these rules isa handy tool to keep in your belt, you can still solve mostproblems without them. Keep track of the rules of x, x√3, 2x and 30-60-90 in whatever way makes sense to you and try to keep them straight if you can, but don't panic if your mind blanks out when it's crunch time. Either way, you've got this. And, if you need more practice, go ahead and check out this 30-60-90 triangle quiz. Happy test-taking!

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility Essay - 5

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility - Essay Example Further, it forms the basis for establishing which events should be accounted for and how the same should be released to the accountants (Macve 1987 p. 11). Despite the pertinence of the conceptual framework, there are challenges which are involved. This is so because it should and it is a concept that is developed to guide study and what is transpired or has transpired over a given period of time on certain things. Tentative theory explains a conceptual framework as a phenomenon which is subject of investigation. This theory enlighten the rest of your design, it helps in evaluating and also refining your targets, initiate realistic and important research issues. Further, it helps in selecting proper methods and recognizes probable validity perils to your conclusion. This theory also helps in proving your research. Conceptual framework can be described as the research problem. It therefore involves formulating research problem for purposes of initiation and designing of your study. The ideology behind this argument is that conceptual framework identifies something that is happening in the globe which is hard to analyse. As such therefore, the conceptual framework which you develop and deduce for consumption by the rest of the people should be justifiable so that people can be able to appreciate your work. This requires that the conceptual framework k should be backed with factual examples touching on the daily happenings in different institutions (Bhimani, 2005 p. 23). What we have discussed in the above statement does not mean that there exists clear and express report of the research problem. However, it is important that research structure should demonstrate impliedly or expressly some issue which are hypothetical in nature and also reveal which other information so required. To avoid misleading ideas on the issue of the conceptual framework, one

2page and a long essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

2page and a long - Essay Example This saw many tensions and it were at this time where activist were trying to preach against discrimination. Black Americans were moving to other towns to look for jobs and employment. It was at this stage that slavery was made illegal and amenities were scarce for the black Americans. The most common jobs for the blacks was cotton picking, and they were no school ready to accept the blacks as they were still viewed as slaves who had nothing good to offer it as this point that the white settlers would sign a pact not to sell any land to the blacks though the court had already abolished the discrimination law. It is at this time that landowners who were mostly the white would underpay and would also beat the black Americans and even kill them if they were found to have broken the law. Rampant cases of black Americans by their employers were not seen as a strange thing, and it is at this of this that activists and human rights were very active. Discrimination among the blacks brought about rebellion and theft and shackles neighborhood came up. This was after the whites refused to sell the land the blacks would go on to live in their zones. The whites viewed the blacks a parasites and illiterates who would not survive on their own. Rural to urban migration became rampant, and this was caused by the need to look for better opportunities agrarian revolution had taken place and blacks were tired of the cotton picking jobs that were could not match their expenses. Its importance to the American history is the steps they went through all those fighting and discrimination has made America stronger as a country the fighting of racism the sprouting of estates viewed as a no for the whites proved that hatred and racism was real. It shows the way why America should foster love and fight racism as this would strengthen them and not divide them. Institutions are also built to promote love and also sportsmanship. It is evident

Social Work in Anti-Discrimination

Social Work in Anti-Discrimination Explain the role of the social worker and consider the purpose of intervention and service delivery making links with Anti-Discriminatory Practice and Anti-Oppressive Practice and the importance of working in partnership with users of services and other professionals and agencies. In this assignment I am going to be looking at mental health. In particular mental health affecting older people. I am aware that mental health issues affect people of all ages affecting each individual in a unique way. A social workers role can be described in many ways and the role can vary depending on the service user. However in general social workers aim to empower people to make decisions for themselves. An essential part of the social workers role is working as part of a multi-disciplinary team and sign-posting service users to all services applicable to them. The fundamental principles of good social work practice are knowledge, skills and values, they all go hand in hand. They are useful divisions that can aid understanding. To ensure good practice all 3 need to be used together, making competent social work practice. Focusing on mental health in older people as your client it is important a social worker to be aware of and work within The Mental Health Act 1983. The Mental Health Act 1983 was established to ensure approved mental health professionals assess and treat people with mental health conditions and to protect the rights of these service users. It provides safeguards for people in hospitals as well. When looking at the history of mental health what stands out is that through the centuries there has been an accepted way of dealing with people with mental health problems. However the used method in the past is now considered to be inhumane and largely unsuccessful, but also at this time alongside the orthodox practitioners there were others with a more enlightened approach. Most histories concentrate on the gruesome facts rather than the positive aspects, going back as far as Victorian times, for example the Victorian asylums. Historical notes show how there isnt much that is actually new in todays approaches, it has all been said before but the issue with their acceptance is that mainstream treatment still retains its hold. Mental health problems are considered to be more common in older adults. The most common mental health condition among older people is depression. Depression affects 1 in 5 older people living in the community and 2 in 5 living in care homes. -Adults in Later Life with Mental Health problems, Mental Health Foundation quoting Psychiatry in the Elderly (3rd edition) Oxford University Press (2002) (http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/mental-health-overview/statistics, 2006) However another common illness affecting older people is dementia. Dementia affects 5% of people over the age of 65 and 20% of those over 80. About 700,000 people in the UK have dementia (1.2% of the population) at any one time. -National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2004) (http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/mental-health-overview/statistics,   2006) As a social worker upon meeting the client, your initial role is to carry out a carers assessment. You need to carry out an accurate assessment to enable you to make the necessary recommendations and referrals. This leads to signposting to relevant services even when the client doesnt meet the service criteria. For successful signposting you need to have an accurate understanding of how relevant organisations in mental health are MIND. Your assessment gives you the relevant information to be aware of what you need to do for your client. You now need to gain trust and build a positive relationship. However you need to be professional and always be honest, you are not the clients friend, as being their friend conflicts with personal boundaries. You need to be clear and define your role to avoid confusion. You will be keeping records, discussing secrets and reporting to other professionals. A successful model of assessment for this type of client is SWOT. This involves looking at the strengths and weaknesses which are the advantages and disadvantages for our client. Then looking at the opportunities which involve looking at all opportunities for change that you can provide. The final part of your SWOT analysis means looking at the threats. SWOT analysis helps you to think through each issue allowing you to look at the problem and lead to possible solutions and prepare for possible threats. A major and vital part of this particular assessment is about whats happening now. A SWOT analysis provides evidence to explain your actions. It needs to be specific, and will vary dramatically from person to person. It is a helpful tool in helping you to weigh up the pros and cons and help you to balance them out. With mental health the actual illness is going to have a major affect on the SWOT analysis. The stage of the illness can be an advantage or a disadvantage. A threat with mental health will always be the deterioration of the illness. With older people family can be a major strength if they play an active part in the clients life. However bare in mind the lack of a family can be a big disadvantage, having affects on the client. Anti-oppressive practice is a piece of social work jargon, but is based on a very simple yet important idea. Social work is all about empowering others and assisting those who feel oppressed in getting both their needs and rights recognised and met. Anti-oppressive practice is informed by values and always takes into consideration both the views and experiences of oppressed people. Practitioners are required to analyse how the socially constructed divisions of race, age, gender, class, sexuality and disability, and the impact of differential access to resources interconnect and interact to define the life experiences of individuals and communities. (Davies, 2009, p14) Therefore the practitioner is able to both recognise and challenge all situations of oppression within their work. Anti-discriminatory practice emphasises the different ways in which people tend to be discriminated against, as individuals and groups, it also highlights the need for professional practice to counter such discrimination. Discrimination can occur due to lots of different types of oppressive differentiation. The primary goal of anti-discriminatory practice is the promotion of equality and social justice. (Davies, 2009, p13) Anti-discriminatory practice is not a separate social work theory or method, but a value that should under-pin all practice generally. Both anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice theories seek to assist clients to gain awareness into how oppression affects their lives, and to promote different strategies for opposing discrimination and gaining mutual support. It should also prevent different agencies from being discriminatory. True partnership working can create empowerment. It is a basic part of good practice and of values work. Feeling the need to rescue the client is oppressive; you should be working with the service user to rescue themselves. Helping clients to become more independent and less dependent on the system is a positive way forward, and should have a positive long-term affect on the client. Effective partnership is based on a variety of factors and therefore will vary accordingly. A few of these factors are based on values, beliefs, ideals and even practical factors such as funding and resources. Social workers have a duty of responsibility to both the client and other family members who play an active role in the clients life. You should work together with your service user, their family and other agencies, you all need to be aware of difficulties and expect setbacks but remember you can get through it together. When working with other agencies you need to share the responsibility and have open and honest communication. A social workers role is one of both care manager and care co-ordinator. In mental health you will need to be working with other organisations and as it is a health issue you will be working with medical professionals.

The Mind & Brain

The Mind & Brain: Are There Differences? Darreia Johnson PHI208-Ethics and Moral Reasoning Professor: Kurt Mosser February 27, 2013 The Mind & Brain: Are There Differences? This is a fascinating subject, â€Å"the mind and the brain† because these are the kind of questions philosophers work so hard to answer. Many people believe the mind and brain are the same. Mind and Brain are two terms that are understood to mean the same when used in the colloquial sense. There is certainly some difference between the two in their making.Brain is made of physical matter while mind is not made of physical matter. To be more elaborate brain is made up of cells, blood vessels and nerves to name a few. Mind is nothing but the thought that resides in the brain. Apart from thoughts, mind gives room for emotions, memories and dreams as well. I will address certain perspectives from different academic sources as well as my own concerning the mind and brain and how they work. In terms of a compute r, we can look at the brain as the hardware and the mind as the software, but it is much more complicated than that. Mind† refers to the part of you that is capable of thought. â€Å"Brain† can be a synonym for mind, and it can also refer to the physical organ within your skull. That is, the â€Å"brain† is a physical organ while â€Å"mind† is a more philosophical concept. People sometimes make a careful distinction between the two words when discussing the philosophical concept. Like, when people are debating whether there is such a thing as an immortal soul, they will say things like, â€Å"Can the mind exist without the brain? † In most day-to-day contexts, the two words are pretty much synonymous.The brain, part of the central nervous system situated within the skull. It includes two cerebral hemispheres, parallel masses of deeply furrowed tissue as well as the brainstem and cerebellum. Its functions include muscle control and coordination, sen sory reception and integration, speech production, memory storage, and the elaboration of thought and emotion. According to Susan Greenfield in an article I read, she has a different approach. She says: â€Å"There is a familiar dichotomy between mind and brain, hereas the concepts of ‘mind’ and ‘consciousness’ often are conflated: I wish to argue here that both suppositions are wrong. † We want to first explore the aspects of the mind and brain. â€Å"Where ‘brain’ obviously needs no definition, ‘mind’ presents more of a trip-wire. Normally the term is used to refer to abstract airy-fairy events that float free of the biological squalor of neuronal circuitry and chemicals. But more than rather vague mental activity, ‘mind’ is used also for personal aspects of brain function, as in ‘I don't mind’, ‘broaden the mind’, ‘make your mind up’, etc.I would venture therefore that perhaps ‘ mind’ is very close to what we might refer to as ‘ personality’, but the big difference is that personality is in the eye of a third-person beholder, whereas ‘mind’ is a first-person perspective, i. e. it is what it feels like to be you rather than what other people judge you to be. † (Greenfield, 2002) The brain, Susan suggest, is a gross aspect and can vary from one individual to another, they offer n clue as to who is kind, witty, cruel and good at cooking. Let us consider how the brain is organized. Within each macro brain region there is no single isolated complete function.We know, for example, that vision is divided up into color, motion and form processing and, in turn, the function of vision can preoccupy over 30 brain regions. Similarly, any one brain region, like the prefrontal cortex, can participate in more than one function. So brain regions are bit players on the brain stage, and not autonomous units. Within each area we know that there is complex brain circuitry, finally boiling down to the synapse, across which we find all the biochemical baggage needed to operate a system of chemical transmission: in turn, this baggage of enzymes, receptors and uptake mechanisms is the result of gene expression.Moreover, we know that in our whole body there are merely 30 000 or thereabouts genes, so that even if every single gene in the body was devoted to a synapse, one would still be out by 1010 (assuming approximately 1015 connections in the brain). So, we can no more attribute autonomous functions to the most basic level of brain function, genes, than we can to the most macro, the brain regions. In both cases there is very little room for man oeuvre and therefore it is hard to see how personalization of the brain, the mind, might develop. Greenfield, 2002) Speaking of genes, one would agree that genes play important roles in our thought process. In The Birth of the Mind: How a Tiny Number of Genes Cre ates the Complexities of Human Thought, Gary Marcus takes as his goal â€Å"not to try to prove that genes make a difference—a matter that is no longer in serious doubt—but to describe how they work and to explain, for the first time, what that means for the mind† (pp. 4–5; italics in original).He specifically disparages the popular press (and the scientists who so inform it) for announcing the discovery of a gene for this or that just as he dismisses the question â€Å"whether nurture or nature is more important† (p. 7). He understands the only meaningful answer involves their â€Å"interaction,† an understanding of which leads to the more refined and productive question, â€Å"How do genes work together with the environment to build a human mind? † (p. 8). Nothing less is at stake than the tossing out of the gene as a permanent template.Marcus's chief point, made after disposing of both the dangerously fallacious â€Å"single geneà ¢â‚¬  theory and the notion that genetic structure is â€Å"unmalleable† and therefore that behavior is foretold, is that â€Å"genes do for the brain the same things as they do for the rest of the body: They guide the fates of cells by guiding the production of proteins within those cells† (p. 86). The alert reader, now accepting the idea of the flexibility and plasticity of the genes, will want to know precisely how the external environment shapes the genes.The answer, Marcus writes, is that every genetic process is triggered by some sort of signal. From the perspective of a given cell, it doesn't matter where that signal comes from. The signal that launches the adjust-your-synapse cascade, for example, may come from within, or it may come from without. The same genes that are used to adjust synapses based on internal instruction can be reused by external instruction. Candland, 2004) It goes on to say how genes shape our behavior, I also agree with Candland’s perspective on the issue. I think that although the mind and brain often are seen as one, that they are two different entities within the same host. I was reading an article earlier that said: we can study the brain but not the mind. I disagree with that article because that is what makes it so complex, we can hold the brain in our hands but not the mind. I think the mind is measured on different levels but studied as well.Psychiatrist, philosophers, and the field of medicine, just to mention a few, study the mind every day. They are able to draw the line between sane and insane, according to our text; Philosophy, A Conscious Decision, talks about the extreme skeptic as Descartes seems to have constructed a skepticism so powerful that it calls into question anything we have ever been certain of: that we have bodies, that there are other people around us, that we're awake when we think we are, and even that 2 + 2 = 4.Most important, for epistemology, is that Descartes transforms the discussion into one of doubt about what we call the external world: the world of objects that are outside of our mind, including the ordinary objects, such as tables and chairs, about which we make our most confident knowledge claims. (Mosser, 2010) This is an example how powerful and complex the mind is. Another way of learning how our minds work is to understand the brain systems that would produce mental representations with the properties just described.For this purpose, he introduces the principle of learning by prediction and links it to Bayesian decision theory. He argues that many of the cognitive phenomena considered can be explained if it is assumed that the brain operates as an ideal Bayesian observer. This conceptualization directly builds on the notion that perception and action are proactive processes and involve the generation of mental models. The models generated by the brains are continuously tested against reality and adapted using sensory signals and prediction errors, which are computed based on probabilistic knowledge derived from past experiences.When facing a tall animate object in a streetcar, for example, probabilistic information about the likelihood of encountering a human being versus a gorilla plays a critical role in the perceptual processes that allow for object recognition. In motor control, probabilistic knowledge (e. g. , a filled backpack typically weighs x) is combined with sensory feedback to support the optimal selection and online correction of movement when pursuing an intention (e. g. , to pick up the backpack). (Kohler, 2008)In contrast to the above theory, it is said modern belief that the mind is the same thing as the brain, and therefore consists of genetic and chemical processes. Contrary to this notion is the more common sense view that our minds are made up of experiences in the world and with others, and while the brain may be the material home of the mind, it is not the mind itself. Professor Kando begins wit h a refutation of materialistic reductionism and positivism, and then builds on the work of William James, George Herbert Mead, and Joel Charon to make the case that the mind is a product of learning and not the same thing as the brain. Kando, 2008) The mind and brain are also associated with personality disorders. In this context the use of the words â€Å"mind† and â€Å"brain† in psychiatry is often associated with a set of polarities. Concepts such as environment, psychosocial, and psychotherapy are linked with â€Å"mind,† while genes, biology, and medication are often associated with â€Å"brain. † The author examines these dichotomies as they apply to personality disorders. Method: Research on antisocial and borderline personality disorders that is relevant to these dichotomies is evaluated.The implications of the findings for the understanding of pathogenesis and treatment are reconsidered. Results: In the clinical setting, it is problematic to lu mp together terms such as â€Å"genes,† â€Å"brain,† and â€Å"biological† as though they are separate and distinct from terms such as â€Å"environment,† â€Å"mind,† and â€Å"psychosocial. † These dichotomies are problematic, because genes and environment are inextricably intertwined in the pathogenesis of personality disorders, psychosocial experiences may result in permanent changes in the brain, and psychotherapy may have its effect by altering brain structure and function.The â€Å"theory of mind† is a useful construct for bridging â€Å"mind† and â€Å"brain† in the treatment of personality disorders. Conclusions: Severe personality disorders are best understood and treated without â€Å"either-or† dichotomies of brain and mind. Each domain has a different language, however, and the language of the mind is necessary to help the patient develop a theory of mind. (Gabbard, 2005) In conclusion, it could be n ecessary to associate the mind with the brain, but this is a complex issue because without the brain the mind cannot exist.However the mind and brain are very different. Theo Clark says, Scientific knowledge suggests that the world is inanimate, purposeless, made up of material things which operate on a cause and effect basis; yet the mental world seems to involve consciousness, planning, desire etc. It would seem paradoxical that one world is the product of another. Yet this is the conclusion we are faced with if we are to make any sense of the evidence at hand and resolve one of the major questions of all time. Do the electronic processes of the brain ‘create' or ‘give rise to' the mind; or is it that the electronic processes Are the mind? † The ratiocination of this question is essentially philosophical, but by necessity, it is grounded in the world of empirical science. (Clark, 2008) There are two vantages from which one can study the mind. The first-person acc ount (â€Å"I seered†) and the third-person (â€Å"He says he sees red when certain pathways in his brain encounter a wavelength of six hundred nanometers†).This can be broadly labeled as ‘Introspectionism' and ‘Behaviourism' respectively. As one cannot directly see into another's head, methodological problems arise using Introspectionist techniques, a result of which can be seen in the foibles of much introspective psychology (such as Freudianism). Behaviourism holds that any mental events are outside the realm of empirical science; ergo, it is now the brain which is the focus, as opposed to the mind. (Clark, 2008) References Candland, D. K. (2004). ‘What Is Mind? No Matter. What Is Matter? Never Mind. Mind Is Matter: Psychology Better Mind. Psyccritiques, 49(Suppl 2), doi:10. 1037/040007 Clark, T. (2008) â€Å"Is there and Difference between the Mind and the Brain? Research, Science http://www. scribd. com/doc/2451851/Is-There-a-Difference-Between- the-Mind-and-Brain. Gabbard, G. O. (2005). Mind, brain, and personality disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(4), 648-55. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/220501257? accountid=32521 Greenfield, S. (2002). Mind, Brain and Consciousness. The British Journal of Psychiatry,

Porter Five Analysis of the European Airline Industry Essay

While the business model existed for some time (first such in 1973 US), the appearance of these in the European market needed the liberalization brought forth by the EU, implementing the „Freedoms of the air† in three stages. In 1997 the first LCC (Low Cost Carrier), the Ryanair began its operation, and in a few years a few more followed, which gave the national and network airlines a new problem to the existing economic problem, shrinking market and others such as 9/11. By today the changes in the past two decades have shifted and diversified the industry, which was once a mature and to some level declining in structure. The new regulations, companies, investors and consumers have brought new life, the industry once again mature with fragmented characteristics. The ideal tool for the assessment of the airlines industry is Michael Porter’s five force model. It aims to find and demonstrate the forces in the microenvironment which influence the industry, internal and external as well. Threat of new entrants (barriers to entry) †¢High capital investment ? †¢Capital intensive ? †¢Airport slot availability ? †¢Predatory pricing ? †¢Brand loyalty/frequent flyer ? †¢Economies of scale ? Limited number of routes ^ The threat of new entrants, due to the barriers mostly set by the nature of the industry and by the existing companies, are very low. Yet sometimes when the possibility arises, new companies start: in the past few years many national companies went bankrupt leaving a market to take by the existing companies or new upstarts. Bargaining power of suppliers †¢Ai rcraft manufacturers †¢Relatively low number of suppliers ^ †¢Suppliers are concentrated ^ †¢Airlines are valued customers ? †¢Airports †¢Slot availability ^ †¢Alternatives to the primary airports ? The bargaining power of suppliers is mostly two-legged, and both have a medium threat. For both parties it is best to find a mutually working solution on a long term, because it is a industry with relatively small number of players loosing even one can have an impact on both sides. Threat of substitutes †¢Alternative transport (bus, car, train) ^ †¢Videoconferencing ^ †¢Global environmental awareness ^ The threat of substitutes includes a broad variety for the different needs. All-in-all it still only gives a medium threat, since the quick transport to a distance has no alternative. Bargaining power of customers †¢Price ? †¢Internet/social media ^ †¢Customer orientation ? †¢Choice ^ With the first LCCs the customers had no bargaining power: if you choose to go with this low price, accept the services as it is. However, nowadays with more alternatives and the ever-reaching internet and social media a bad customer satisfaction can be a disaster. This can however be mitigated with customer orientation, but still customer had the choice, it is a medium high level. Rivalry within the industry †¢Between LCC and national/network airlines ^ †¢Between LCCs ^ The rivalry within the industry is high due to the high number of big and medium sized companies. The airlines industry is highly competitive, with very high barriers and medium to high threats within. While there is a relatively low threat from a new market entree, the existing international competition is fighting over all the resources: more and better airports possibly with mutually excluding contracts, picking up the customers fed up with their previous carrier or starting a price war on a selected destination, binding the newly aquired flyers with brand loyalty programmes. Unless there is an opportunity, it is not an attractive industry to enter due to the high number of barriers. However, once established a foot, it is a very interesting and very intensive industry with good possibilities. The major LCCs depending on how low cost they are making good profit and there is still room for growth. The key factors for success should include: †¢Efficiently utilizing the resources (financial, time, human resources) †¢Utilizing a network of business partners (complementary) †¢Timely expansion (trying new destinations, increasing frequency) †¢Customer orientation (with following trends eg. ocial media) These above should be observed by both LCCs and traditional airlines. The industry standards are given, those companies will become successful which can effectively utilize them.